The fat and protein content of the sheep milk under different conditions

In Hungary the Hungarian Combing Merino has been and still is the most common sheep breed. In order to increase the milk production traits, especially the milk components, several crossings were made. In an experiment lasting three years the fat, protein and dry matter contents of the milk produced by ewes belonging to different genotypes: Merino, (Merino x East-Friesian) F1, (Merino x Langhe) F1, (Merino x Sarda) F1, (Merino x Pleven) F1 and (Merino x Awassi) F1 were studied. The test milkings of the ewes were carried out fortnightly, twice a day. From the study the following conclusions could be drawn: (i) the East-Friesian F1 ewes produced the largest amount of fat, protein and dry matter in their milk; followed by Langhe F1, Sarda F1, Pleven F1, Awassi F1 and Merinos in the ranking; (ii) the improvement in conditions gave an increased yield of the studied traits; and (iii) the pre-selection of Merinos on the basis of milk production should be made prior to the start of crossbreeding considering to increase the milk production traits

Economic necessity for developing the milk sector

The Merinos dominating in the Hungarian sheep industry and the profitability of sheep production is not as high as would be necessary. Economic analysis was made to find out the possible break-even points. According to the results, the increase of milk production might be the key to solve this problem, but some conditions should be considered. Regarding the data presented the possible conclusions might be summarized as follows: Enlarging the stock without improving the phenotypic background is not profitable. This method will lead to a deadlock. The utilization of milk breeds under the present conditions could be realized: (i) if the costs of changing the breeding animals could be covered from other sources, since national sources are not available; (ii) if the attitude of the managers and employees of milk sheep farms could change; and (iii) if the price of milk was reasonable and the state purchase prices could reach the average prices of the EU (1 Euro/litre)

Altered stimulus frequency and intensity dependence of the somatosensory evoked potential in rats after acute application of two mitochondrial toxins

Mitochondrial toxins are a special group of toxicants with nervous system ef TRACT - fects. The resulting nervous system damage could be detected and followed-up by means of functional biomarkers but these still have to be worked out. In this work, adult male Wistar rats were anesthetized with urethane, the left hemisphere was exposed, and a silver recording electrode was placed on the projection area of the whiskers. The whisker pad was stimulated with electric square pulses and the cortical response was recorded. The intensity of the stimulus was varied between 25% and 100% (just supramaximal), and its frequency, between 1 and 10 Hz. Control records were taken, then one of the agents (3-nitrporopionic acid, a mitochondrial toxin of microfungal origin: 20 mg/kg b.w.; or manganese, a heavy metal: 50 mg/kg b.w. in chloride form) was injected ip. and further records were taken. Both agents had an effect on the latency, but on the amplitude, only Mn. Of the relationships between stimulation settings and evoked potential parameters, frequency dependence of latency had the clearest alteration on application of Mn or 3-NP. Such effects may have the potency to be developed to functional biomarkers, applicable in practical toxicology or in animal research

Entropic Distance for Nonlinear Master Equation

More and more works deal with statistical systems far from equilibrium, dominated by unidirectional stochastic processes augmented by rare resets. We analyze the construction of the entropic distance measure appropriate for such dynamics. We demonstrate that a power-like nonlinearity in the state probability in the master equation naturally leads to the Tsallis (Havrda-Charv\'at, Acz\'el-Dar\'oczy) q-entropy formula in the context of seeking for the maximal entropy state at stationarity. A few possible applications of a certain simple and linear master equation to phenomena studied in statistical physics are listed at the end.Comment: Talk given by T.S.Bir\'o at BGL 2017, Gy\"ongy\"os, Hungar

Education 2.0: Exploring the challenges of Corvinus University in the long tail economy of global higher education

Our basic storyline is how the business and economics higher education landscape has changed with the introduction of the Bologna programs. We borrowed the fashionable long tail concept from e-business, and used it for modeling the new landscape of internationalization of universities. Internationalization, mobility, and the appearance of the internet generation at the gates of our universities in our opinion has brought us to a new e-era which, appropriately to our web analogies we might as well call Education 2.0.In our paper first we show the characteristics of the long tail model of the Bologna-based European higher education and potential messages for strategy making in this environment. We illustrate that benchmarking university strategies situated in the head of the long tail model will not always provide strategic guidance for universities sitting in the tail. For underlining some key concerns in the Hungarian niche, we used Corvinus University as a case study to illustrate some untapped challenges of the Hungarian Bologna reform. We explored three areas which are crucial elements of the “tail” strategy in our opinion: a) the influence of state regulation, b) social situations and impacts and c) internal university capabilities

Local density of states and Friedel oscillations around a non-magnetic impurity in unconventional density wave

We present a mean-field theoretical study on the effect of a single non-magnetic impurity in quasi-one dimensional unconventional density wave. The local scattering potential is treated within the self-consistent $T$-matrix approximation. The local density of states around the impurity shows the presence of resonant states in the vicinity of the Fermi level, much the same way as in $d$-density waves or unconventional superconductors. The assumption for different forward and backscattering, characteristic to quasi-one dimensional systems in general, leads to a resonance state that is double peaked in the pseudogap. The Friedel oscillations around the impurity are also explored in great detail, both within and beyond the density wave coherence length $\xi_0$. Beyond $\xi_0$ we find power law behavior as opposed to the exponential decay of conventional density wave. The entropy and specific heat contribution of the impurity are also calculated for arbitrary scattering strengths.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure

Growth of ZnO nanostructures on Si by means of plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition

Crystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures have been grown on Si substrates by means of Plasma Based Ion Implantation and Deposition (PIII&D) at temperature of about 300 0C and in the presence of an argon glow discharge. In the process a crucible filled with small pieces of metallic zinc plays the role of the anode of the discharge itself, being polarized by positive DC voltage of about 400V. Electrons produced by thermionic emission by an oxide cathode (Ba, Sr, Ca)O impact this crucible, causing its heating and vaporization of Zn. Partial ionization of Zn atoms takes place due to collisions with plasma particles. High negative voltage pulses (7 kv/40μs/250Hz) applied to the sample holder cause the implantation of metallic zinc into Si surface, while Zn deposition happens between pulses. After annealing at 700 0C, strong UV and various visible photoluminescence bands are observed at room temperature, as well as the presence of ZnO nanoparticles. The coated surface was characterized in detail using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. XRD indicated the presence of only ZnO peaks after annealing. The composition analysis by EDS revealed distinct Zn/O stoichiometry relation depending on the conditions of the process. AFM images showed the formation of columns in the nanoscale range. Topography viewed by SEM showed the formation of structures similar to cactus with nanothorns. Depth analysis performed by XPS indicated an increase of concentration of metallic Zn with increasing depth and the exclusive presence of ZnO for outer regions. PIII&D allowed to growing nanostructures of ZnO on Si without the need of a buffer layer